John James Kirton

He is the co-author of Environmental Regulations and Corporate Strategy: A NAFTA Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), Assessing the Environmental Effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): Final Analytic Framework and Methodological Issues and Empirical Background, (Montreal: Commission for Environmental Co-operation, 1999), NAFTA's Institutions: The Environmental Potential and Performance of the NAFTA Free Trade Commission and Related Bodies. (Montreal: Commission for Environmental Cooperation, 1997) and Building a Framework for Assessing NAFTA Effects, (1996). His 14 books include Trade and Environment: Economic, Legal and Policy Perspectives, (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub., 1998), The Halifax Summit, Sustainable Development, and International Institutional Reform, (Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 1995), Trade, Environment and Competitiveness: Sustaining Canada's Prosperity, (Ottawa: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, 1992, 1993), and The International Joint Commission Seventy Years On (Toronto: Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, 1981). He has also dealt with trade and environment issues as co-editor of Guiding Global Order: G8 Governance in the Twenty-First Century, (in press), Shaping a New International Financial System: Challenges of Governance in a Globalizing World, (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2000), The G8's Role in the New Millennium, (Aldershot, UK; Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1999), and The North Pacific Triangle: United States, Japan and Canada at Century's End, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998).

His recent publications on trade-environment issues include: "Trade's Benefits and Costs for the United States and Foreign Environmental Quality," in Alan V. Deardorff & Robert M. Stern, eds. Social Dimensions of U.S. Trade Policies, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000); "NAFTA, Environmental Regulations and International Business Strategies," Global Focus (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999); "The Dynamics of Transboundary Environmental Agreements in North America: Discussion of Preliminary Findings," in Richard Kiy & John D. Wirth, eds., Cooperation and Conflict, (Santa Fe: North American Institute, 1998); "Regional Environmental Impacts of NAFTA on the Automotive Sector," Canadian Journal of Regional Science (1998); "Multinational Enterprise Strategy and the NAFTA Trade and Environment Regime," Journal of World Business (1998); "The Impact of Environmental Regulations on the North American Auto Industry Since NAFTA," in The North American Auto industry Under NAFTA (Washington, DC: CSIS Press, 1998), "The Commission for Environmental Co-operation and Canada-US Environmental Governance in the NAFTA Era," American Review of Canadian Studies (1997); "Canadian Corporate Strategy in a North American Region," American Review of Canadian Studies (1997), and "NAFTA, Environmental Regulations and Canadian Competitiveness," Journal of World Trade (1997).

Stephen Clarkson

Following graduate studies at Oxford (as a Rhodes scholar) and the Sorbonne (as a Ford Foundation foreign area scholar), I have been teaching political economy at the University of Toronto. There my first research focus, the Soviet model of development, resulted in two books, L'analyse soviétique des problèmes indiens du sous-développement, 1955-64 (Paris: Mouton, 1971) and, thanks to a fellowship at Columbia University's Research Institute on Communist Affairs, The Soviet Theory of Development: India and the Third World in Marxist-Leninist Scholarship (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1978 and The Macmillan Press, 1979). While finishing this work, I became increasingly involved in the study of my own country's politics at the level of foreign policy -- An Independent Foreign Policy for Canada? (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1968); federal party politics -- numerous studies of the Liberal Party in federal elections; and municipal politics -- City Lib: Parties and Reform (Toronto: Hakkert, 1972).

At the same time I developed an interest in the political economy of Canada's relationship with the United States, writing Canada and the Reagan Challenge: Crisis and Adjustment 1981-85 (Canadian Institute for Economic Policy, 1982; 2^nd ed. Toronto: Lorimer, 1985) which won the John Porter prize.

Following Pierre Trudeau's retirement as prime minister in 1984, I spent a decade co-authoring with my wife, Christina McCall, Trudeau and Our Times. Volume 1: The Magnificent Obsession (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990) which was awarded the 1990 Governor General's prize for non-fiction and translated as Trudeau: l'homme, l'utopie, l'histoire (Montréal: Les Editions Boréal, 1990) and Trudeau and Our Times. Volume 2: The Heroic Delusion (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1994) which was granted the John W. Dafoe prize and translated as Trudeau: l'illusion héroîque (Montréal: Boréal, 1995).

Harriet Friedmann

Professor Harriet Friedmann is Professor and Associate Chair of the Department of Sociology and Fellow of the Centre for International Studies at the University of Toronto. She lectures and publishes widely in U.S., European and Canadian journals on issues related to food and agriculture. Professor Friedmann¹s research includes international regulation of food and agriculture, family and corporate enterprises in the agro-food sector of the world economy, patterns of international trade and farm structures, persistence and change in diets and cuisines, and agroecology. Professor Friedmann received her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1977. Professor Friedmann is co-investigator in "Strengthening Canada¹s Environmental Community through International Regime Reform" (the EnviReform project) at the University of Toronto.

Virginia Maclaren

Professor Virginia Maclaren's is Associate Professor in the Department of Geography and Program in Planning at the University of Toronto. She has participated in a number of different indicator projects in Canada over the past five years. She is currently leading a University of Toronto team that is part of a tri-university consortium providing research support to Vital Signs, a community-based indicator project for Toronto. Professor Maclaren recently spoke in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and Chengdu, China, about Hamilton-Wentworth’s experience in governance around sustainability, Vital Sign’s indicators program and the development of the local agenda VISION 2020. Her research interests include waste management, sustainable urban development, environmental assessment and South East Asia. Professor Maclaren received her B.A. from Bishop’s University, her M.Pl. in Regional Planning from the University of Ottawa and her Ph.D. in Regional Science from Cornell University. Professor Maclaren is a co-investigator in “Strengthening Canada’s Environmental Community through International Regime Reform” (the EnviReform project) at the University of Toronto.

Sylvia Ostry

Dr. Sylvia Ostry is Distinguished Research Fellow, Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto. She has a Ph.D. in economics from McGill University and Cambridge. After teaching and research at a number of Canadian universities and at the University of Oxford Institute of Statistics she joined the Federal Government in 1964. Among the posts she held were Deputy Minister of International Trade, Ambassador for Multilateral Trade Negotiations and the Prime Minister's Personal Representative for the Economic Summit. From 1979 to 1983 she was Head of the Economics and Statistics Department of the OECD in Paris. She has received 18 honorary degrees from universities in Canada and abroad and, in 1987, received the Outstanding Achievement Award of the Government of Canada. In December, 1990 she was made a Companion of the Order of Canada, the highest award in the Canadian national system of honours. In 1991 she was admitted as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Her most recent publications include "Convergence and sovereignty: policy scope for compromise?", Coping with Globalization, Aseem Prakash and Jeffrey A. Hart (eds.), (New York: Routledge, 2000); "Regional versus Multilateral Trade Strategies", ISUMA: Canadian Journal of Policy Research, (2000 1(1)); "Making Sense of It All: A Post-Mortem on the Meaning of Seattle", Seattle, the WTO, and the Future of the Multilateral Trading System, Roger B. Porter and Pierre Sauvé (eds.), (Cambridge: Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, 2000); "The Multilateral Trading System", Oxford Handbook of International Business, Preliminary Draft, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming); "The Uruguay Round North-South Grand Bargain: Implications for Future Negotiations", The Political Economy of International Trade Law, (University of Minnesota, 2000); "Regional Dominos and the WTO: Building Blocks or Boomerang?", Building a Partnership, The Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement, Mordechai Kreinin (ed.), (Lansing: Michigan State University Press; Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 2000); "Business, Trade and the Environment", The Second Environment Summit Confederation of Indian Industry, (New Delhi, 2000); "Intellectual Property Protection in the World Trade Organization: Major Issues in the Millenium Round", Competitive Strategies for the Protection of Intellectual Property, Owen Lippert (ed.), (Vancouver: Fraser Institute, 1999); "The Future of the World Trade Organization", Brookings Trade Forum: 1999, Susan M. Collins and Robert Z. Lawrence (eds.), (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 1999); and The Post-Cold War Trading System: Who's on First? (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997). She is a co-investigator in "Strengthening Canada's Environmental Community through International Regime Reform" (the EnviReform project) at the University of Toronto.

Louis W. Pauly

Louis W. Pauly is Professor of Political Science and Director of the Centre for International Studies at the University of Toronto. A graduate of Cornell University, the London School of Economics, New York University, and Fordham University, he held management positions in the Royal Bank of Canada and served on the staff of the International Monetary Fund. His publications include Democracy beyond the State? The European Dilemma and the Emerging Global Order (co-editor and co-author, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000), The Myth of the Global Corporation (editor and co-author, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998), Who Elected the Bankers? Surveillance and Control in the World Economy (Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), Choosing to Co-operate: How States Avoid Loss (co-editor and co-author, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993), Opening Financial Markets: Banking Politics on the Pacific Rim (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), and forty journal articles and book chapters. A current research project focuses on the political and social underpinnings of international economic organizations. Another explores corporate restructuring in high-technology industries in East Asia. He is a co-investigator in "Strengthening Canada's Environmental Community through International Regime Reform" (the EnviReform project) at the University of Toronto.

Professor Chris Tollefson

Professor Chris Tollefson is Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law of the University of Victoria.  He is the founder and Executive Director of the University of Victoria's Environmental Law Centre, home of the only clinical program in public interest environmental law in Canada. He has served on the board of the Sierra Legal Defence Fund since 1993, and has been its chair since 1998. He is also a Fellow of Leadership for Environment and Development (LEAD). The Sierra Legal Defence Fund and LEAD are partner institutions of the "Strengthening Canada's Environmental Community through International Regime Reform" (the EnviReform project) at the University of Toronto.  Professor Tollefson's recent publications include The Wealth of Forests: Markets, Regulation and Sustainable Forestry (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1998) and cleanair.ca: a citizen's action guide (Toronto: Sierra Legal Defence Fund, 2000). He is currently working on a manuscript funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada that considers the influence of  eco-certification on forest policy in British Columbia.  He is a co-investigator in the EnviReform project at the University of Toronto.

Michael J. Trebilcock     <<Long Biography>>

Michael J. Trebilcock, LL.B. (New Zealand) 1961, LL.M.(Adelaide) 1962, called to the Bar of New Zealand in 1964 and the Bar of Ontario in 1975 is University Professor and Professor of Law. Professor Trebilcock taught at the University of Adelaide, South Australia until 1969 when he came to Canada as a Visiting Associate Professor of Law at McGill Law School. He was appointed Associate Professor of Law at McGill in 1970 and joined the Faculty of Law at the University of Toronto as a Professor of Law in 1972. He has served as National Vice-President of the Consumers' Association of Canada, Chair of the Consumer Research Council and Research Director of the Professional Organizations Committee for the Government of Ontario. He was a Fellow in Law and Economics at the University of Chicago Law School in 1976, a Visiting Professor of Law at Yale Law School in 1985, and a Global Law Professor at New York University Law School in 1997 and 1999. From 1982 to 1986 he was a member of the Research Council of the Canadian Institute of Advanced Research. In 1987 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and was appointed a University Professor in 1990. He was honoured with a University of Toronto Teaching Award in 1986, and was awarded the Owen Prize in 1989 by the Foundation for Legal Research for his book, The Common Law of Restraint of Trade (Toronto: Carswell, 1986), which was chosen as the best law book in English published in Canada in the previous two years. He has since authored The Limits of Freedom of Contract (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993) and co-authored The Regulation of International Trade; Exploring the Domain of Accident Law: Taking the Facts Seriously 2^nd ed. (London: Routledge, 1999); and The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998). Professor Trebilcock specializes in Law and Economics, International Trade and Contract and Commercial Law. He serves as Director of the Law and Economics Programme and Director of the Centre for the Study of State and Market. In 1999, Professor Trebilcock was awarded the Canada Council Molson Prize in the Humanities and Social Sciences, and received an Honorary Doctorate in Laws from McGill University. He is a co-investigator in "Strengthening Canada's Environmental Community through International Regime Reform" (the EnviReform project) at the University of Toronto.

Alan M. Rugman

Dr Alan M. Rugman is Thames Water Fellow in Strategic Management at Templeton College, University of Oxford, 1998-date. Previously he was Professor of International Business at the University of Toronto 1987-1998, Dalhousie University 1979-1987 and the University of Winnipeg 1970-1978. He has also been a visiting professor at Columbia Business School, London Business School, Harvard University, U.C.L.A., M.I.T., Warwick Business School and the University of Paris-La Sorbonne.

Dr. Rugman has published over 200 articles dealing with the economic, managerial and strategic aspects of multinational enterprises and with trade and investment policy. These have appeared in such leading refereed journals as:- The American Economic Review, Strategic Management Journal, Journal of International Business Studies, California Management Review and The World Economy. His thirty books include: The End of Globalization (New York: Random House, 2000); Multinationals as Flagship Firms (co-author, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000); International Business (co-author, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985, 1995, 2000); Environmental Regulations and Corporate Strategy (co-author, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999); Trade and the Environment (co-editor, Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub., 1998); The Theory of Multinational Enterprises Vol. I and Multinational Enterprises and Trade Policy Vol. II (Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub., 1996); Foreign Investment and North American Free Trade (ed.) (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1994); Global Corporate Strategy and Trade Policy (co-author, London: Routledge, 1990); Administered Protection in America (New York: Routledge, 1987); and Inside the Multinationals (New York: Columbia University Press, 1981).

Julie Soloway

Dr. Julie Soloway is an associate with Davies, Ward & Beck LLP, practising both international trade law and competition law. She was called to the Ontario Bar in 1995 and joined the firm in 2000. Prior to joining the firm, Dr. Soloway worked as an international trade consultant associated with the Centre for International Studies and subsequently with Charles River Associates. She has advised clients on a variety of matters pertaining to international trade and investment, international dispute settlement under the North American Free Trade Association/World Trade Organization and environmental regulation. Her clients included primarily Canadian, foreign and international agencies. Dr. Soloway has authored or co-authored numerous articles on the subject of international trade, investment and environmental regulation and has spoken at several conferences on these topics, and is co-author, with John Kirton and Alan Rugman, of Environmental Regulations and Corporate Strategy: A NAFTA Perspective (Oxford University Press, 1999). Dr. Soloway received her B.A. in Economics and LL.B. from the University of Western Ontario and her LL.M. (cum laude) in International, European and Comparative Law from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. She holds an S.J.D. (doctorate) in international trade law from the University of Toronto. Dr. Soloway is a collaborator on "Strengthening Canada¹s Environmental Community through International Regime Reform" (the EnviReform project) at the University of Toronto.

Peter I. Hajnal is Research Associate, Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto and Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Information Studies, University of Toronto.  He has been a member of the G7/G8 Research Group of the University since 1988 and has attended ten summits (1989-92,1994-98 and 2000).  He retired from the University of Toronto Library in December 1997 as International Organizations and Government Information Specialist.  His earlier work included ten years on the staff of the United Nations.  He was the first recipient-in 1991-of the Academic Librarianship Award of the Ontario Confederation of University Faculty Associations; in 1997 he received the James Bennett Childs Award of the American Library Association for a lifetime, significant contribution to the field of documents librarianship.

He holds an M.S.(L.S.) honours degree from Columbia University.  He has written four books, The G7/G8 System: Evolution, Role and Documentation (Aldershot, Eng.; Brookfield, VT.; Singapore; Sydney: Ashgate, 1999), From G7 To G8: Evolution, Role and Documentation of a Unique Institution (New York: Columbia International Affairs Online, Columbia University Press, 1998. wwwc.cc.columbia.edu/sec/dlc/ciao/book/hajnal/index.html), Guide to Unesco (Oceana, 1983), and Guide to United Nations Organization, Documentation and Publishing (Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, 1978); and edited another four, including International Information: Documents, Publications and Electronic Information of International Governmental Organizations, 2nd ed. (Englewood, Co.: Libraries Unlimited, 1997) volume 2 forthcoming; The Seven-Power Summit: Documents from the Summits of Industrialized Countries, 1975-1989 and Supplement: Documents from the 1990 Summit (Millwood, NY: Kraus International Publications, 1989 and 1991). He has also published more than two dozen articles, bibliographies (including a comprehensive G8 bibliography on the website of the G8 Research Group and the University of Toronto Library G8 Information Centre, www.g7.utoronto.ca) and contributions to books, and has presented papers at various conferences. His latest article, co-authored with John Kirton, is "The Evolving Role and Agenda of The G7/G8: A North American Perspective" (NIRA Review, Spring 2000); his most recent chapter contributed to a forthcoming book is "Partners or Adversaries? The G7/G8 Encounters Civil Society", based on a paper prepared for the Academic Symposium ( www.library.utoronto.ca/g7/scholar/hajnal20000720/), "G8 2000: New Directions in Global Governance? G8 Okinawa Summit", Naha, Okinawa, Japan, 19-20 July 2000. He is associate editor of the electronic journal G7 Governance and has also served on the editorial boards of Government Information Quarterly, International Bibliography: Publications of Intergovernmental Organizations, and the electronic journal Government Information in Canada. He served as consultant for the United Nations in January 1997, conducting (with a colleague) an evaluation of the Dag Hammarskjöld Library. His current projects include editing Volume 2 of International Information and research for a book on international nongovernmental organizations and civil society, emphasizing the information dimension. He is a co-investigator in "Strengthening Canada's Environmental Community through International Regime Reform" (the EnviReform project) at the University of Toronto.